For example, Ibn al-Furat, Ta'rikh al-duwal wa'l-mulUk, VII, ed. Al-Maqrizi, Kitilb al-sulUk li-ma'rifat duwal al-mulUk, ed. Century §anizade had spoken of ' representa- tives of the subjects ' participating in. Of counsel for kings (Nasihat al-muluk). Translated from the Persian text.
See also: andThe compound Zeitgeist (;, 'spirit of the age' or 'spirit of the times') similarly to Weltgeist describesan invisible agent or force dominating the characteristics of a given epoch in.The term is now mostly associated with, contrasting with Hegel's use of Volksgeist 'national spirit' and Weltgeist 'world-spirit',but its coinage and popularization precedes Hegel, and is mostly due to and.The term as used contemporarily may more pragmatically refer to a which prescribes what is acceptable or tasteful, e.g. In the field of.Hegel in (1807) uses both Weltgeist and Volksgeist but prefers the phrase Geist der Zeiten 'spirit of the times' over the Zeitgeist.Hegel believed that culture and art reflected its time. Thus, he argued that it would be impossible to produce classical art in the modern world, as modernity is essentially a 'free and ethical culture'. The term has also been used more widely in the sense of an intellectual or aesthetic or.For example, 's 1859 proposition that occurs by has been cited as a case of the zeitgeist of the epoch, an idea 'whose time had come', seeing that his contemporary, was outlining similar models during the same period.Similarly, intellectual fashions such as the emergence of in the 1920s, leading to a focus on and over the following decades, and later, during the 1950s to 1960s, the shift from behaviorism to and can be argued to be an expression of the intellectual or academic 'zeitgeist'. Zeitgeist in more recent usage has been used by Forsyth (2009) in reference to his 'theory of ' and in other publications describing models of business or industry.argued in his book that entrepreneurs who succeeded in the early stages of a nascent industry often share similar characteristics.See also. Of Spirit: Heidegger and the Question,. Translation by Geoffrey Bennington & Rachel Bowlby, Chicago University Press, 1989 ( ) and 1991 ( ).: Vico and Herder.
Two Studies in the History of Ideas, London, 1976. 1996.
' Volksgeist as Method and Ethic: Essays on Boasian Ethnography and the German Anthropological Tradition.External links Look up or in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Look up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Look up, or in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Look up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. from Hegel.net (Hegel's various uses of the term Geist based on the entry from ). in: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4.
Aufl., 1888, Vol. 9, Page 859. Dirk Goettsche. Words of the World.